![]() The 21st century was a tough time for the music industry. By the turn of the century, hip hop was the best-selling music genre in the United States. Hip hop became a worldwide phenomenon at this point, too, with new audiences and artists emerging in places like Tokyo, Cape Town, London, and Paris. The East Coast - West Coast divide evolved into a full-on rivalry between the two groups, which ended with the unsolved murders of Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G.įrom the ashes of the rivalry between the East and West Coasts came late 1990s hip hop, which saw artists like the Wu-Tang Clan, the Fugees, and Diddy reach new levels of popularity. In 1989, N.W.A’s Straight Outta Compton became the most prominent hip hop album to emerge from somewhere besides New York City. Hammer, all of whom popularized hip hop music even more.Īs hip hop grew in popularity, it expanded beyond its regional roots, too. Other artists that came of age during hip hop’s new school era include Queen Latifah, who, along with Salt-n-Pepa, brought women into the genre, the Fresh Prince, aka, Will Smith, and M.C. LL Cool J and Public Enemy pushed rap in new directions: LL Cool J by bringing romantic themes into hip hop and Public Enemy by using rap to push forward political ideology. The Beastie Boys pushed deejaying further with their digital sampling. Run-D.M.C brought hip hop to a larger audience through performances on MTV. Each of these artists is responsible for making hip hop what we know today. The names that headed up hip hop’s new school are more recognizable to a contemporary audience: Run-D.M.C, LL Cool J, the Beastie Boys, and Public Enemy. The Sugarhill Gang’s song “Rapper’s Delight” (released in 1979) rocketed up the national music charts, ushering in a new wave of musicians, artists, and performers, while also introducing people around the world to this new type of music.īy the mid-1980s, hip hop had firmly entered its new school era. Towards the end of the old school hip hop era, the movement began to gain national recognition. Kool Herc also popularized rapping, which drew upon the traditions of West African griots, talking blues songs, and black power poetry, among others. Influenced by Kool Herc and his peers, hip hop deejays developed new turntable techniques, like needle dropping and scratching. ![]() Mixing percussive beats with popular dance songs, Kool Herc was instrumental in developing the sounds that became synonymous with hip hop, such as drum beats and record scratches. The first major hip hop deejay was DJ Kool Herc. Old school hip hop typically dates from the origination of the movement in the early 1970s up until the mid-1980s. Hip hop is typically broken into three phases: old school, new school, and 21st century. ![]() Break dancing: a form of dance that also encompasses an overall attitude and styleĪll four of these elements remain signifiers of hip hop as a larger cultural movement.Graffiti painting: also known as “graf” or “writing”.Deejaying: making music using record players, turntables, and DJ mixers.These pillars originated in the 1970s and continue to represent hip hop culture today: Most scholars agree that there are four main elements, or pillars, to hip hop music. These forms of expression would come together to form the four pillars of hip hop. The African Americans and Latino Americans that were left behind in cities (or who moved to the cities in the intervening years) encountered many challenges in their neighborhoods, as budgets were slashed and resources diverted to the wealthier, whiter communities.įaced with a lack of economic opportunity, as well as rising crime and poverty rates, the young people in the Bronx and nearby communities began creating their own kinds of cultural expressions. Hip hop (or hip-hop, the two can be used interchangeably) began as a culture and art movement in the Bronx, where demographics were rapidly shifting in the early 1970s.ĭuring the 1950s and 60s, many white, middle-class people left the cities to move to the suburbs. In this article, we cover the full history of hip hop dance and music and include a helpful hip hop history timeline for reference. For the first few decades that the term was around, hip-hop wasn’t just about music: it also referred to art, style, dance, and philosophy. ![]() Although widely synonymous with rap music today, hip-hop actually got its start as a full-on cultural movement in the 1970s.
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